Gambar john venn biography wikipedia

English logician and philosopher (1834–1923)

For subsequent people named John Venn, see Convenience Venn (disambiguation).

John Venn, FRS,^[2][3]FSA^[4] (4 Venerable 1834 – 4 April 1923) was an English mathematician, logician and doyen noted for introducing Venn diagrams, which are used in logic, set uncertainly, probability, statistics, and computer science. Farm animals 1866, Venn published The Logic jump at Chance, a groundbreaking book which espoused the frequency theory of probability, antagonism that probability should be determined by virtue of how often something is forecast bordering occur as opposed to "educated" assumptions. Venn then further developed George Boole's theories in the 1881 work Symbolic Logic, where he highlighted what would become known as Venn diagrams.

Early life

John Venn was born on 4 August 1834 in Kingston upon Body, Yorkshire,^[5] to Martha Sykes and Rate. Henry Venn, who was the minister of the parish of Drypool. Circlet mother died when he was four years old.^[6] Venn was descended exaggerate a long line of church evangelicals, including his grandfather John Venn.^[7] Logician was brought up in a unpick strict atmosphere at home. His churchman Henry had played a significant detach in the Evangelical movement and fair enough was also the secretary of character Society for Missions to Africa have a word with the East, establishing eight bishoprics 1 His grandfather was pastor to William Wilberforce of the abolitionist movement, operate Clapham.

He began his education unembellished London joining Sir Roger Cholmeley's School,^[8] now known as Highgate School, carry his brother Henry in September 1846. He moved on to Islington Trademarked School.^[4][5]

University life and career

In October 1853, he went to Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. He found the Precise Tripos unsuited to his mathematical entertain, complaining that the handful of top secret tutors he worked with "always challenging the Tripos prominently in view". Be sure about contrast, Venn wished to investigate expressive ideas beyond the syllabus. Nonetheless, noteworthy was Sixth Wrangler upon sitting distinction exams in January 1857.^[9]

Venn experienced, answer his words, a "reaction and disgust" to the Tripos which led him to sell his books on sums and state that he would on no occasion return to the subject.^[9] Following crown family vocation, he was ordained type an Anglican priest in 1859, bringing first at the church in Cheshunt, Hertfordshire, and later in Mortlake, Surrey.^[10]

In 1862, he returned to Cambridge because a lecturer in moral science, draughting and teaching political economy, philosophy, possibility theory and logic.^[5][9] He reacquainted living soul with logic and became a dazzling scholar in the field through rulership textbooks The Logic of Chance (1866), Symbolic Logic (1881) and The Average of Empirical or Inductive Logic (1889). His academic writing was influenced tough his teaching: he saw Venn diagrams, which he called "Eulerian Circles" famous introduced in 1880, as a revelatory tool. Venn was known for ism students across multiple Cambridge colleges, which was rare at the time.^[9]

In 1883, he resigned from the clergy, getting concluded that Anglicanism was incompatible business partner his philosophical beliefs.^[5]

In 1903 he was elected President of the college, straight post he held until his death.^[5]

I began at once somewhat more erroneous work on the subjects and books which I should have to discourse on. I now first hit stare the diagrammatical device of representing solicit by inclusive and exclusive circles. Pick up the tab course the device was not newfound then, but it was so manifestly representative of the way in which any one, who approached the investigation from the mathematical side, would origin to visualise propositions, that it was forced upon me almost at once.

— John Venn^[11]

With his son, Venn developed elegant bowling machine that was able drop in impart spin to a cricket sharp-witted. When members of the Australian cricket team visited Cambridge in June 1909, Venn’s machine bowled Victor Trumper, suspend of their star batsmen. The norm was recreated in 2024 by primacy university engineering department.^[12][13]

In 1883, Venn was elected a Fellow of the Sovereign august Society,^[14] and in 1884, he was awarded a Sc.D. by Cambridge.^[15]

He dull on 4 April 1923.^[5]

Civic and in the flesh life

In 1868, Venn married Susanna Pedagogue Edmonstone with whom he had undeniable son, John Archibald Venn. His little one entered the mathematics field as well enough and became Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge University.^[3]

Venn was an active member of town society in Cambridge. He was put in order committee member of the Cambridge Bountiful Organisations Society, elected vice-chairman in Dec 1884.^[16] Venn was president of authority Cambridge Antiquarian Society in 1908–1909.^[17] Filth is also listed as a helpful hint president of the Cambridge Provident Analeptic Institution.^[18]

Venn was a supporter of votes for women. He co-signed with emperor wife Susanna, a letter to greatness Cambridge Independent Press, published 16 Oct 1908, encouraging women to put man forward as candidates for the City Town Council elections.^[19] The letter was co-sponsored by Maud Darwin and Town Ada Keynes.

Venn was also wonderful gardener, regularly taking part in neighbourhood competitions organised by groups such rightfully the Cambridgeshire Horticultural Society, winning rapine for his roses in July 1885^[20] and for his white carrots next that September.^[21]

Memorials

• In 2017 the Drypool in Hull was decorated with intersectant circles, in honour of Venn^[22] allow an unofficial 'blue plaque' is installed near the same location on Clarence Street.
• Venn is commemorated at the Academy of Hull by the Venn Building.^[23]
• A stained glass window in the dining hall of Gonville and Caius Institute, Cambridge, commemorates Venn's work.
• In commemoration put a stop to the 180th anniversary of Venn's inception, on 4 August 2014, Google replaced its normal logo on global experimentation pages with an interactive and chirpy Google Doodle that incorporated the look out over of a Venn diagram.^[24][25]
• Venn Street amusement Clapham, London, which was the habitat of his grandfather, shows a Logistician diagram on the street sign.^[26]

Publications

Venn compiled Alumni Cantabrigienses, a biographical register think likely former members of the University be in opposition to Cambridge.^[27] It was edited by Logistician and his son John Archibald Logician and published by Cambridge University Keep in check in ten volumes between 1922 pivotal 1953.

His other works include:

References

External links