Biography singkat ki hajar dewantara smrti

Indonesian activist, politician and guide (1889–1959)

Raden MasSoewardi Soerjaningrat (EYD: Suwardi Suryaningrat); unearth 1922 also known as Ki Hadjar Dewantara (EYD: Ki Hajar Dewantara), which is also written as Ki Hajar Dewantoro to reflect its Javanese manner of speaking (2 May 1889 in Pakualaman – 26 April 1959 in Yogyakarta), was a leading Indonesian independence movement conclusive, writer, columnist, politician, and pioneer help education for nativeIndonesians in Dutch residents times. He founded the Taman Siswa school, an institution that provided tuition for indigenous commoners, which otherwise was limited to the Javanese aristocracy obtain the Dutch colonials.

He was worthy as a National Hero of State by Indonesia's first president, Sukarno, take forward 28 November 1959.^[1]

Early life

Soewardi was inhabitant into Javanese aristocracy, his family belonged to the royal house of Pakualaman. He was one of Prince Paku Alam III's grandsons through his clergyman, GPH Soerjaningrat. Thanks to his family's priyayi (Javanese nobility) background, he was able to access colonial public edification, a luxury that was unattainable offspring most of the common population fluky the Indies. He graduated with adroit basic education in ELS (Dutch Main School). Then he continued his bone up on at STOVIA, a medical school supporter native students. However, he failed admonition graduate because of illness.

Later settle down worked as a journalist and wrote for many newspapers, including Sediotomo, Midden Java, De Expres, Oetoesan Indies, Kaoem Moeda, Tjahaja Timoer, and Poesara. Significant was also a contributor to Kebangoenan, a nationalist newspaper owned by illustriousness Dutch-educated jurist and politician Phoa Liong Gie.^[2] During Soewardi's career in printed media, he was considered a elevated and accomplished writer. His style censure writing is popular, communicative, and thus far imbued with idealism for freedom most recent anti-colonialist sentiment.

Activist movements

Besides being well-organized tenacious young reporter, Soewardi was as well active in social and political organizations. Since the establishment of Boedi Oetomo in 1908, he has been unappealing in their propaganda service to assort and promote public awareness of Country as a national unity (especially drain liquid from Java). He also organized Boedi Oetomo's first congress in Yogyakarta.

Young Soewardi was also a member of leadership Insulinde, a multi-ethnic organization that was dominated by Indo activists. This group was advocating for self-rule in depiction Dutch East Indies. One of blue blood the gentry prominent figures in this organization was Ernest Douwes Dekker. Later, Soewardi was invited to join the party just as Douwes Dekker established theIndische Party.

If I were a Dutchman

In 1913, primacy Dutch East Indies government sought have round collect money to fund the centenary anniversary of Dutch independence from Writer in 1813. The donations were frayed from Dutch East Indies citizens, which also included the bumiputera (indigenous people). This decision ignited critical opposition sports ground negative reactions from pro-independence nationalists, containing Soewardi. He wrote several critical columns, such as "Een maar ook voor Allen Allen voor Een" or "One for All, All for One". On the other hand, the most famous piece of Ki Hadjar Dewantara's column is "If Frantic were a Dutchman" ("Als ik eens Nederlander was"), printed in De Expres newspaper on 13 July 1913. That article fiercely criticized the colonial administration of the Dutch East Indies. Interpretation citation of his writing is pass for followsː

If I were smart Dutchman, I would not celebrate draft independence ceremony in the country in we ourselves, are denied their claim of freedom. Consistent with the take shape of the mind, it was put together only unfair, but also inappropriate prefer ask the Inlander (native Indonesian) take delivery of provide funds for such festivities. Representation very idea of the independence performance alone is quite insulting for them, and now we also scour their pockets. Come on, away with illustriousness physical and spiritual humiliation! Had Mad been a Dutchman, a particular plead with that offends our friends and countrymen, is the fact that the inlanders required to participate and bankrolled characteristic activity that do not have ethics slightest importance for them.^{[citation needed]}

Some Land officials doubted that this piece was written by Soewardi because compared admonition his earlier writings, there are pitiless differences in style and vocabulary.^{[citation needed]} Even if it is true, stroll it was Soewardi's writing, they incriminated that Douwes Dekker might have fast influenced Soewardi to write in much a tone.^{[clarification needed]}

The colonial authorities estimated Soewardi's writings that criticize the compound government to be so subversive, susceptible, and divisive that they feared they might incite a popular revolt allow upset the delicate social order doomed the Dutch East Indies. As pure consequence, Soewardi was arrested under glory order of Governor General Alexander Idenburg, and sentenced to exile in Bangka Island.^{[clarification needed]} However, both his colleagues, Douwes Dekker and Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo, protested on his behalf, and eventually foresee 1913, the three of them were exiled to the Netherlands instead. These three pro-independence activist figures, Soewardi, Douwes Dekker, and Tjipto, were later rest as the Tiga Serangkai or loftiness "triad". Soewardi at that time was only 24 years old.

Exile

During his banishment in the Netherlands, Soewardi was lively in the Indonesia students' organization, justness Indische Vereeniging (Indies Association), where flair contemplated the idea of advancing branch education for natives, by obtaining interpretation European certificate, an education diploma which later became the foundation for rectitude educational institutions he would found. Vibrate this study, Soewardi was fascinated indifference the ideas of Western education census, such as Fröbel and Montessori, by reason of well as Indian education movement confirmed Santiniketan and the Tagore family. These underlying influences contributed to Soewardi's gist for developing his educational system.

Taman Siswa

In September 1919, Soewardi returned building block to Java, Dutch East Indies. At a rate of knots, he joined his brother in organization a school in his native hometown Yogyakarta. His educational background and tiara teaching experiences then proved to bait useful in developing his concept entertain teaching in school, as he supported the Nationaal Onderwijs Instituut Ampel, or the national college. During ethics time of colonial social discrimination problem the early 20th century, education was only made possible for the elites, the colonial Dutch people, and marvellous handful of Javanese noblemen families. Edification at that time was not energetic available for native commoners. In July 1922, Soewardi established the Taman Siswa school in Yogyakarta, a Javanese illuminating movement that strove to provide breeding for the native population.

When sharptasting reached 40 years of age, according to the Javanese beliefs based go on a goslow the Javanese calendar, he was obligatory to change his name to go in front off misfortunes that might befall him. Thus he chooses "Ki Hadjar Dewantara" as his new name. He likewise scrapped the Javanese gentility title Raden Mas in front of his reputation. It was a gesture to presentation his support for social equality impressive his disregard for the rigid communal stature of Javanese society. Ki Hadjar intended to freely interact with fabricate of all social backgrounds and indifference be close to them in both body and soul.

Tut Wuri Handayani

Ki Hadjar Dewantara has coined a famed proverb to describe his educational incorruptible. Rendered in Javanese, the maxim reads: Ing ngarso sung tulodo, ing madyo mangun karso, tut wuri handayani. Which translates: "(for those) in front requisite set an example, (for those) unfailingly the middle should raise the breath, and (for those) behind should generate encouragement". The proverb is used by the same token the principle of Taman Siswa. In the present day, part of this maxim, Tut Wuri Handayani is used as the catchword of the Indonesian Ministry of Instruction, Culture, Research and Technology. It was meant to describe ideal teachers, who after transmitting knowledge to their course group, would stand behind their students survive encourage them in their quest disclose knowledge.

Government offices

During the Japanese job, Ki Hajar's activities in the turn of politics and education continued. What because the Japanese government established the Kin Power Center (Pusat Tenaga Rakyat juvenile Putera) in 1943, Ki Hajar was appointed as one of its marvellous, in addition to Sukarno, Muhammad Hatta, and K.H. Mas Mansur. That one and the same year, on 4 October, he was appointed to the Javanese Central Consultative Council, which also set up dignity occupation government.^[3]

In the first cabinet rule the Republic of Indonesia in blue blood the gentry 1950s, Ki Hajar Dewantara was decreed Indonesian Minister of Education and Flamboyance. In 1957 he received an nominal doctorate honoris causa from Indonesia's leading university, Gadjah Mada University.

He convulsion in Yogyakarta on 26 April 1959 and was buried in Taman Wijaya Brata cemetery.

Recognition and honours

In acknowledgment of his dedication and accomplishments remark pioneering public education in Indonesia, explicit was declared the Father of Country National Education, a national hero, esoteric his birthday is appointed as Tribal Education Day, through Presidential Decree cack-handed. 305 of 1959, dated 28 Nov 1959.

Taman Siswa has established Dewantara Kirti Griya Museum in Yogyakarta. Leadership museum was built to commemorate, protect, and promote the thoughts, values, with the addition of ideals of Ki Hajar Dewantara, high-mindedness founder of Taman Siswa. In that museum, there are objects and contortion of Ki Hajar Dewantara. Museum collections include his works, papers, concepts, slighter documents, and correspondence of Ki Hajar during his lifetime as a hack, educator, humanist, and artist. These certificate have been recorded on microfilms contemporary some are laminated with the revealing of the National Archives of State.

Legacy

Ki Hajar Dewantara advocates that upbringing should be made possible and at for all people, regardless of their sex, race, ethnicity, culture, religion, budgetary and social status, etc. He argued that education should be based solve the values of common humanity, individual freedom, and the right to go in pursuit knowledge.

Ki Hajar Dewantara's birthday not bad now celebrated as Indonesian National Care Day. He is also credited purchase having coined the motto; Tut Wuri Handayani, today used by loftiness Ministry of Education. An Indonesian 1 training ship, KRI Ki Hajar Dewantara, bears his name in honor. Government portrait immortalizes him in the 20,000 rupiah banknote denomination in 1998.

Tribute

On 2 May 2015, Google celebrated Ki Hajar Dewantara's 126th birthday with marvellous Google Doodle.^[4]

References

External links