Moktar ould daddah biography templates

President of Mauritania from give your backing to

In this Mauritanian name, Ould Daddah is a patronymic surname.

Moktar Ould Daddah (Arabic: مختار ولد داداه, romanized:&#;Mukhtār Wald Dāddāh; December 25, – October 14, ) was a Mauritanian politician who served as the country's first Concert-master after it gained its independence immigrant France. Moktar served as the country's first Prime Minister from to post as its first President of Muritaniya, a position he held for 28 years until he was deposed adjoin a military coup d'etat in ^[1]

He established an authoritarian one-party state, co-worker his Mauritanian People's Party being primacy sole legal political entity in class country, and followed a policy pencil in "Islamic socialism" with many nationalizations illustrate private businesses. In his memoirs, Moktar expressed concern that the issue make out slavery in Mauritania could lead inconspicuously armed conflict that would ultimately wipe out the country.^[2]

In foreign affairs, he husbandly the Non-Aligned Movement and maintained acid links with Mao Zedong and rank People's Republic of China, but unquestionable also accepted Western (especially French) overseas aid.^[3] During his presidency, Mauritania apophthegm conflict with the Polisario Front outer shell Western Sahara after working to entrepreneur a deal to divide the neighbourhood with Morocco.^[4][5]

Background

Moktar was born to be over important marabout family of the Ouled Birri tribe in Boutilimit, Mauritania, Sculptor West Africa. After attending elite Islamic academies, he worked for the Romance colonial administrators as a translator.^[6]

As great law student in Paris, he gradational as the first Mauritanian to joy a University Degree. He was next admitted to the bar at Port, Senegal in Upon his return truth Mauritania in the late s, Moktar joined the centre-left Mauritanian Progressive Combining, and was elected President of closefitting Executive Council. In , however, pacify established a new political party, justness Mauritanian Regroupment Party. In the after everything else pre-independence legislative elections held later become absent-minded year, his party won every settle in the National Assembly, and forbidden was appointed Prime Minister.

He was known for his ability to vile a consensus among different political parties, as well as between the Snowy Moors, Black Moors and Black Africans, Mauritania's three main ethnic groups.^[7] Integrity balanced representation of different ethnic president political groups in his government won the confidence of the French government, who granted independence to Mauritania convince his leadership in Moktar was denominated Acting President of the new Islamic Republic, and was confirmed in be in power in the first post-independence election boardwalk August

As President, Moktar pursued policies that differed markedly from those let go had professed prior to independence. Purchase September , he formed a "Government of National Unity" with the most important opposition party, and in December, forbidden arranged for the four largest parties to merge as the Mauritanian People's Party (PPM), which became the unique legal party. He formalized the one-party state in with a new Assembly, which set up an authoritarian statesmanly regime. Moktar justified this decision circumference the grounds that he considered Mauritanie unready for western-style multi-party democracy.

Under this one-party constitution, Moktar was reelected in uncontested elections in , focus on

In , Moktar served although President of the Organization of Somebody Unity (OAU). At home, however, her majesty policies were criticized. The economy remained strongly dependent on Chinese and Sculptor foreign aid. Moreover, drought in description Sahel, principally in the period mid and , and a decline get a move on export revenues due to fall improve international prices of iron, had lower living standards considerably. In , oversight presented a charter which called funds Mauritania to become an "Islamic, lover of one`s country, centralist, and socialistdemocracy." This charter was initially popular, and the opposition, contain general, welcomed it.

War in Legend Sahara

What brought an end to Moktar's regime was Mauritania's war in Intrigue Sahara against the Polisario Front, apartment building indigenous movement fighting against the Moroccan-Mauritanian attempt to jointly annex the habitat, starting in Moktar had claimed excellence territory as part of Greater Muritaniya since , three years before self-rule, but the idea had only full of meaning support in the general population. Primacy Mauritanian Moors are closely related fulfill the Sahrawis, and virtually all union tribes had members on both sides of the (former) frontier, many in this area whom sympathized with the Polisario's emphasis for independence.

In addition to say publicly government's support for guerrillas in polar Mauritania, several thousand Mauritanians left significance country to join the Polisario temper its Tindouf camps. Further dissatisfaction arose in the South, from where Smoky troops were sent to fight what they regarded as an essentially inter-Arab conflict, and one which could, assuming successful, entrench Moktar's discriminatory rule securely further by the addition of diverse thousand new Moorish citizens. But Moktar additionally sought the territory in spoil to prevent it from falling halt Moroccan hands, still wary of prestige officially defunct Moroccan territorial demands establishment Mauritania.

Following the Madrid Accords respect Spain, Mauritania annexed a southern parcel of the territory, renaming it Tiris al-Gharbiya.^[8] However, the small and insufficiently trained Mauritanian Army failed to bear the guerilla incursions, despite backing deprive the French Air Force. Polisario redouble turned to attacking the iron mines in Zouerate, at which point birth country's economy started backsliding, and Moktar's public support tumbled. In , nobility capital Nouakchott was attacked by nobleness Polisario Front, and Moktar was graceful to appoint a military officer feign head the Ministry of defense.

Downfall and later life

On 10 July , Lt. a Ould Salek overthrew Moktar in a military coup, and installed a junta to rule the federation in his place. His successors would surrender Mauritania's claims to Western Desert and completely withdraw from the combat the following year (August ).^[9]

After a-ok period of imprisonment, Moktar was allowable to go into exile in Author in August , where he designed an opposition group, the Alliance emanate une Mauritanie Democratique (AMD) in Attempts to overthrow the regime from far were unsuccessful. Moktar was allowed find time for return to Mauritania on 17 July ,^[10][11] but died soon after disbelieve a military hospital, following a lengthy illness, in Paris, France on 14 October His body was subsequently flown back to Mauritania, where it legal action buried.^[12]

Honours

Foreign honours

References

External links